caregiver – Research Center REACH

Kurniati A^1,², Chen CM³, Efendi F^1,⁴, Ogawa R⁵.

Author information

1: Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
2: Center for Planning and Management of Human Resources for Health, The Board for Development and Empowerment of Human Resources for Health (BPPSDMK), Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia.
3: Department of Nursing, Institute of Gerontology, Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
4: Faculty of Nursing, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.
5: Graduate School of Social and Cultural Studies, Kyushu University, Japan.

Abstract

AIM:

To illuminate the lived experiences of Indonesian nurses who previously worked as caregivers in Japanese residential care facilities, by exploring the journey of becoming returnees.

BACKGROUND:

The creation of bilateral agreements between Indonesia and Japan has facilitated the movement of Indonesian nurses to work as caregivers in Japan since 2008. While this decision raised concerns with regard to the degradation of nursing skills, little is known about this issue from the perspective of nurse returnees and how the experience affects their life.

METHOD:

A hermeneutic phenomenological method was employed for this study. A purposive sample of 15 Indonesian nurse returnees participated in this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in four of Indonesia’s provinces between August and October 2015. Data were analysed thematically, supported by QSR NVIVO 10 software.

FINDINGS:

Four key themes emerged from the data analysis: (i) returning home; (ii) going back to zero; (iii) walking through a difficult journey; and (iv) overcoming barriers. These findings described the lived experiences of nurse returnees when they got back to the country of origin.

CONCLUSION:

Indonesian nurse returnees experienced deskilling and struggled to re-enter the nursing profession or to find other non-nursing jobs. The significant impact of this migration on individual nurses with regard to maximizing the benefits of return migration deserves further investigation.

IMPLICATION FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY:

The Indonesian government, jointly with other stakeholders, should develop a brain gain strategy to align returnees’ expertise with the needs of the national labour market. The public-private partnership should be strengthened to utilize returnees in healthcare services.

KEYWORDS:

Caregiver; Deskilling; Indonesian Nurse; Japan; Phenomenology; Return Migration

[gview file=”http://komunitassehat.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Kurniati-2017-A-deskilling-and-challenging-jou2.pdf”]

IJEPA: Gray Area for Health Policy and International Nurse Migration

THE SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS OF NURSING EDUCATION AND WORKFORCE IN INDONESIA

Source: www,kompas.com
JAKARTA, KOMPAS.com — Pemerintah Jepang menyampaikan penghargaan kepada Rita Retnaningtyas, perawat Indonesia di rumah sakit Miyagi, yang berjasa menolong korban gempa dan tsunami di negeri itu.

Penghargaan disampaikan Duta Besar Jepang untuk Indonesia Kojiro Shiojiri saat menghadiri pelatihan bahasa Jepang bagi 104 calon TKI perawat di Jakarta, Selasa (22/3/2011).

“Kami atas nama Pemerintah Jepang menyampaikan terima kasih kepada BNP2TKI dan khususnya Rita Retnaningtyas yang ikut bersusah payah membantu warga Jepang yang terkena tsunami di Miyagi,” kata Shiojiri.

Rita Retnaningtyas (35) berasal dari Kelurahan Srondol Kulon, Kecamatan Banyumanik, Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah.

Rita bekerja sebagai perawat di Miyagi National Hospital sejak 2009, dikirim oleh Badan Nasional Penempatan dan Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (BNP2TKI) melalui program kerja sama antar pemerintah RI dan Jepang.

Shiojiri mengatakan, Rita bersama TKI perawat lain bersedia bertahan di daerah dekat gempa dan tsunami di Miyagi untuk melakukan pekerjaan sosial kemanusiaan yang mulia.

Menurut dia, di lima prefektur (provinsi) sekitar gempa tsunami Jepang, yaitu Miyagi, Iwate, Aomori, Ibaraki, dan Fukushima terdapat 35 TKI perawat yang terdiri atas 11 TKI perawat pasien dan 24 TKI perawat jompo.

Semua perawat di lima prefektur itu selamat dari bencana gempa, termasuk dari radiasi reaktor nuklir di Fukushima. Sebagian dari 35 TKI tersebut ada pula yang dievakuasi ke daerah yang jauh dari gempa dan radiasi reaktor nuklir, sedangkan beberapa orang seperti Rita justru masih bertahan di Miyagi sampai sekarang.

“Sekali lagi kami menyampaikan banyak terima kasih atas jasa dan bantuannya dalam menangani para korban,” ujar Kojiro Shiojiri.

Sementara itu, Kepala BNP2TKI Moh Jumhur Hidayat mengatakan, Rita sejak peristiwa gempa dan tsunami di Jepang terus melakukan kontak dengan suaminya, Bambang Wagiman (35) maupun keluarganya di Semarang.

“Rita mengatakan kepada keluarganya bahwa dirinya dan beberapa teman TKI nurse dan care worker dalam kondisi sehat dan masih tetap bekerja seperti biasanya di Miyagi,” katanya.

TKI perawat di Jepang yang tersebar di 45 prefektur sebanyak 686 orang akan tetap menjalani program penempatannya hingga selesai.

Para TKI itu ditempatkan sejak 2008-2010 untuk kontrak kerja selama tiga tahun dan memperoleh gaji 175.000 yen (TKI careworker) dan 119.000-200.000 yen (TKI nurse) per bulan di luar akomodasi yang disediakan Pemerintah Jepang.

Tag: caregiver

A deskilling and challenging journey: the lived experience of Indonesian nurse returnees