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Monthly Archives: July 2017
IJEPA: Gray Area for Health Policy and International Nurse Migration
Author information
- 1
- National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, ROC; Airlangga University, Indonesia.
- 2
- Global Health Policy Institute, USA; University of California, San Diego, USA.
- 3
- National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, ROC.
Abstract
Indonesia is recognized as a nurse exporting country, with policies that encourage nursing professionals to emigrate abroad. This includes the country’s adoption of international principles attempting to protect Indonesian nurses that emigrate as well as the country’s own participation in a bilateral trade and investment agreement, known as the Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement that facilitates Indonesian nurse migration to Japan. Despite the potential trade and employment benefits from sending nurses abroad under the Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement, Indonesia itself is suffering from a crisis in nursing capacity and ensuring adequate healthcare access for its own populations. This represents a distinct challenge for Indonesia in appropriately balancing domestic health workforce needs, employment, and training opportunities for Indonesian nurses, and the need to acknowledge the rights of nurses to freely migrate abroad. Hence, this article reviews the complex operational and ethical issues associated with Indonesian health worker migration under the Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement. It also introduces a policy proposal to improve performance of the Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement and better align it with international principles focused on equitable health worker migration.
Searching for the best agarose candidate from genus Gracilaria, Eucheuma, Gelidium and local brands
Abstract
Objective
To explore the potential of local agar of genus Gracilaria, Eucheuma, Gelidium and local brands as an alternative for imported agarose for DNA electrophoresis, and to examine their ability related to separation and migration of DNA fragments in DNA electrophoresis.
Methods
Their performance at various concentrations were compared via an experimental study with a specific brand of imported commercial agarose used in molecular biology research. The measured variables were separation and migration during electrophoresis of a DNA fragment.
Results
The local agar genus Gracilaria gigas, Gelidium, brand “B” and brand “S” could separate DNA fragments at a concentration between 1% and 2%, with an optimum concentration of 2% w/v, as good as a specific brand of imported commercial agarose.
Conclusions
Their performance were very close to that of commercial agarose and can still be improved by further agar purification as well as by pH and sulfur control.
Keywords
Agarose
Eucheuma
Gracilaria
Gelidium
Local brands
Indonesia agar